diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index d3e55a2..0000000
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-name: Go Test
-
-on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - '*'
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: '1.24'
-
-      - name: Run tests
-        run: go test -v ./...
-
-      - name: Run tests race
-        run: go test -race -v ./...
diff --git a/adapter.go b/adapter.go
index 88166ee..68a2ddb 100644
--- a/adapter.go
+++ b/adapter.go
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
+// 文件: touka/adapter.go
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/context.go b/context.go
index fa689a1..b98f77c 100644
--- a/context.go
+++ b/context.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
@@ -27,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fenthope/reco"
 	"github.com/go-json-experiment/json"
 
-	"github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/iox"
+	"github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/copyb"
 	"github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/httpc"
 )
 
@@ -435,7 +431,7 @@ func (c *Context) WriteStream(reader io.Reader) (written int64, err error) {
 		c.Writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) // 默认 200 OK
 	}
 
-	written, err = iox.Copy(c.Writer, reader) // 从 reader 读取并写入 ResponseWriter
+	written, err = copyb.Copy(c.Writer, reader) // 从 reader 读取并写入 ResponseWriter
 	if err != nil {
 		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to write stream: %w", err))
 	}
@@ -475,7 +471,7 @@ func (c *Context) GetReqBodyFull() ([]byte, error) {
 		}()
 	}
 
-	data, err := iox.ReadAll(limitBytesReader)
+	data, err := copyb.ReadAll(limitBytesReader)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to read request body: %w", err))
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read request body: %w", err)
@@ -509,7 +505,7 @@ func (c *Context) GetReqBodyBuffer() (*bytes.Buffer, error) {
 		}()
 	}
 
-	data, err := iox.ReadAll(limitBytesReader)
+	data, err := copyb.ReadAll(limitBytesReader)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to read request body: %w", err))
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read request body: %w", err)
@@ -682,7 +678,7 @@ func (c *Context) SetBodyStream(reader io.Reader, contentSize int) {
 
 	// 将 reader 的内容直接复制到 ResponseWriter
 	// ResponseWriter 实现了 io.Writer 接口
-	_, err := iox.Copy(c.Writer, reader)
+	_, err := copyb.Copy(c.Writer, reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to write stream: %w", err))
 		// 注意：这里可能无法设置错误状态码，因为头部可能已经发送
@@ -741,7 +737,7 @@ func (c *Context) SetRespBodyFile(code int, filePath string) {
 	c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
 
 	// 将文件内容写入响应体
-	_, err = iox.Copy(c.Writer, file)
+	_, err = copyb.Copy(c.Writer, file)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to write file %s to response: %w", cleanPath, err))
 		// 注意：这里可能无法设置错误状态码，因为头部可能已经发送
diff --git a/ecw.go b/ecw.go
index c87be28..67b5c7d 100644
--- a/ecw.go
+++ b/ecw.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/engine.go b/engine.go
index 32fd3f1..a2e7b2a 100644
--- a/engine.go
+++ b/engine.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/fileserver.go b/fileserver.go
index 5b7f248..653818e 100644
--- a/fileserver.go
+++ b/fileserver.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 6b14b15..b956fe8 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@ module github.com/infinite-iroha/touka
 go 1.24.4
 
 require (
-	github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/iox v0.0.2
+	github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/copyb v0.0.6
 	github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/httpc v0.8.1
 	github.com/fenthope/reco v0.0.3
 	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20250714165856-be8212f5270d
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/copyb v0.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/net v0.42.0 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 0302b36..7495b44 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/copyb v0.0.6 h1:/50VJYXd6jcu+p5BnEBDyiX0nAyGxas1W3DCnrYMxMY=
 github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/copyb v0.0.6/go.mod h1:FZ6XE+4TKy4MOfX1xWKe6Rwsg0ucYFCdNh1KLvyKTfc=
-github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/iox v0.0.2 h1:AiIHXP21LpK7pFfqUlUstgQEWzjbekZgxOuvVwiMfyM=
-github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/iox v0.0.2/go.mod h1:mCLqYU32bTmEE6dpj37MKKiZgz70Jh/xyK9vVbq6pok=
 github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/httpc v0.8.1 h1:/eG8aYKL3WfQILIRbG+cbzQjPkNHEPTqfGUdQS5rtI4=
 github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/httpc v0.8.1/go.mod h1:mxXBf2hqbQGNHkVy/7wfU7Xi2s09MyZpbY2hyR+4uD4=
 github.com/fenthope/reco v0.0.3 h1:RmnQ0D9a8PWtwOODawitTe4BztTnS9wYwrDbipISNq4=
diff --git a/license/httprouter-license b/license/httprouter-license
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ab5aa6..0000000
--- a/license/httprouter-license
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-BSD 3-Clause License
-
-Copyright (c) 2013, Julien Schmidt
-All rights reserved.
-
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-
-1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
-   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-
-2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
-   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
-   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
-   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-   this software without specific prior written permission.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
-AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
-DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
-SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
-CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
-OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/logreco.go b/logreco.go
index 4bda8d3..2fc1a7a 100644
--- a/logreco.go
+++ b/logreco.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/maxreader.go b/maxreader.go
index c6201e6..96ff025 100644
--- a/maxreader.go
+++ b/maxreader.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/mergectx.go b/mergectx.go
index 7ce2031..4c91601 100644
--- a/mergectx.go
+++ b/mergectx.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/midware_x.go b/midware_x.go
index 3e21329..65d97d6 100644
--- a/midware_x.go
+++ b/midware_x.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 type MiddlewareXFunc func() HandlerFunc
diff --git a/path.go b/path.go
index 6c5cc4c..7a4e1e0 100644
--- a/path.go
+++ b/path.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/recovery.go b/recovery.go
index 5dfb837..a50f54b 100644
--- a/recovery.go
+++ b/recovery.go
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
+// 文件: touka/recovery.go
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/respw.go b/respw.go
index 2cf6700..ebbc9ee 100644
--- a/respw.go
+++ b/respw.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/serve.go b/serve.go
index d73efe9..885f8c3 100644
--- a/serve.go
+++ b/serve.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/testutil.go b/testutil.go
index 3511320..63af207 100644
--- a/testutil.go
+++ b/testutil.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/touka.go b/touka.go
index 837d62d..a9f9a1c 100644
--- a/touka.go
+++ b/touka.go
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
-// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
-// Copyright 2024 WJQSERVER. All rights reserved.
-// All rights reserved by WJQSERVER, related rights can be exercised by the infinite-iroha organization.
 package touka
 
 import (
diff --git a/tree_test.go b/tree_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index dc0bb60..0000000
--- a/tree_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1021 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Julien Schmidt. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be found
-// at https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter/blob/master/LICENSE
-// This tree_test.go is gin's fork, you can see https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/tree_test.go
-
-package touka
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-// Used as a workaround since we can't compare functions or their addresses
-var fakeHandlerValue string
-
-func fakeHandler(val string) HandlersChain {
-	return HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {
-		fakeHandlerValue = val
-	}}
-}
-
-type testRequests []struct {
-	path       string
-	nilHandler bool
-	route      string
-	ps         Params
-}
-
-func getParams() *Params {
-	ps := make(Params, 0, 20)
-	return &ps
-}
-
-func getSkippedNodes() *[]skippedNode {
-	ps := make([]skippedNode, 0, 20)
-	return &ps
-}
-
-func checkRequests(t *testing.T, tree *node, requests testRequests, unescapes ...bool) {
-	unescape := false
-	if len(unescapes) >= 1 {
-		unescape = unescapes[0]
-	}
-
-	for _, request := range requests {
-		value := tree.getValue(request.path, getParams(), getSkippedNodes(), unescape)
-
-		if value.handlers == nil {
-			if !request.nilHandler {
-				t.Errorf("handle mismatch for route '%s': Expected non-nil handle", request.path)
-			}
-		} else if request.nilHandler {
-			t.Errorf("handle mismatch for route '%s': Expected nil handle", request.path)
-		} else {
-			value.handlers[0](nil)
-			if fakeHandlerValue != request.route {
-				t.Errorf("handle mismatch for route '%s': Wrong handle (%s != %s)", request.path, fakeHandlerValue, request.route)
-			}
-		}
-
-		if value.params != nil {
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(*value.params, request.ps) {
-				t.Errorf("Params mismatch for route '%s'", request.path)
-			}
-		}
-
-	}
-}
-
-func checkPriorities(t *testing.T, n *node) uint32 {
-	var prio uint32
-	for i := range n.children {
-		prio += checkPriorities(t, n.children[i])
-	}
-
-	if n.handlers != nil {
-		prio++
-	}
-
-	if n.priority != prio {
-		t.Errorf(
-			"priority mismatch for node '%s': is %d, should be %d",
-			n.path, n.priority, prio,
-		)
-	}
-
-	return prio
-}
-
-func TestCountParams(t *testing.T) {
-	if countParams("/path/:param1/static/*catch-all") != 2 {
-		t.Fail()
-	}
-	if countParams(strings.Repeat("/:param", 256)) != 256 {
-		t.Fail()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTreeAddAndGet(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-
-	routes := [...]string{
-		"/hi",
-		"/contact",
-		"/co",
-		"/c",
-		"/a",
-		"/ab",
-		"/doc/",
-		"/doc/go_faq.html",
-		"/doc/go1.html",
-		"/α",
-		"/β",
-	}
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-	}
-
-	checkRequests(t, tree, testRequests{
-		{"/a", false, "/a", nil},
-		{"/", true, "", nil},
-		{"/hi", false, "/hi", nil},
-		{"/contact", false, "/contact", nil},
-		{"/co", false, "/co", nil},
-		{"/con", true, "", nil},  // key mismatch
-		{"/cona", true, "", nil}, // key mismatch
-		{"/no", true, "", nil},   // no matching child
-		{"/ab", false, "/ab", nil},
-		{"/α", false, "/α", nil},
-		{"/β", false, "/β", nil},
-	})
-
-	checkPriorities(t, tree)
-}
-
-func TestTreeWildcard(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-
-	routes := [...]string{
-		"/",
-		"/cmd/:tool/",
-		"/cmd/:tool/:sub",
-		"/cmd/whoami",
-		"/cmd/whoami/root",
-		"/cmd/whoami/root/",
-		"/src/*filepath",
-		"/search/",
-		"/search/:query",
-		"/search/gin-gonic",
-		"/search/google",
-		"/user_:name",
-		"/user_:name/about",
-		"/files/:dir/*filepath",
-		"/doc/",
-		"/doc/go_faq.html",
-		"/doc/go1.html",
-		"/info/:user/public",
-		"/info/:user/project/:project",
-		"/info/:user/project/golang",
-		"/aa/*xx",
-		"/ab/*xx",
-		"/:cc",
-		"/c1/:dd/e",
-		"/c1/:dd/e1",
-		"/:cc/cc",
-		"/:cc/:dd/ee",
-		"/:cc/:dd/:ee/ff",
-		"/:cc/:dd/:ee/:ff/gg",
-		"/:cc/:dd/:ee/:ff/:gg/hh",
-		"/get/test/abc/",
-		"/get/:param/abc/",
-		"/something/:paramname/thirdthing",
-		"/something/secondthing/test",
-		"/get/abc",
-		"/get/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123abc",
-		"/get/abc/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8",
-		"/get/abc/123abc/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234",
-		"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/ffas",
-		"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/12c",
-		"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/:param",
-		"/get/abc/:param/test",
-		"/get/abc/123abd/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123abddd/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123abg/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123abf/:param",
-		"/get/abc/123abfff/:param",
-		"/get/abc/escaped_colon/test\\:param",
-	}
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-	}
-
-	checkRequests(t, tree, testRequests{
-		{"/", false, "/", nil},
-		{"/cmd/test", true, "/cmd/:tool/", Params{Param{"tool", "test"}}},
-		{"/cmd/test/", false, "/cmd/:tool/", Params{Param{"tool", "test"}}},
-		{"/cmd/test/3", false, "/cmd/:tool/:sub", Params{Param{Key: "tool", Value: "test"}, Param{Key: "sub", Value: "3"}}},
-		{"/cmd/who", true, "/cmd/:tool/", Params{Param{"tool", "who"}}},
-		{"/cmd/who/", false, "/cmd/:tool/", Params{Param{"tool", "who"}}},
-		{"/cmd/whoami", false, "/cmd/whoami", nil},
-		{"/cmd/whoami/", true, "/cmd/whoami", nil},
-		{"/cmd/whoami/r", false, "/cmd/:tool/:sub", Params{Param{Key: "tool", Value: "whoami"}, Param{Key: "sub", Value: "r"}}},
-		{"/cmd/whoami/r/", true, "/cmd/:tool/:sub", Params{Param{Key: "tool", Value: "whoami"}, Param{Key: "sub", Value: "r"}}},
-		{"/cmd/whoami/root", false, "/cmd/whoami/root", nil},
-		{"/cmd/whoami/root/", false, "/cmd/whoami/root/", nil},
-		{"/src/", false, "/src/*filepath", Params{Param{Key: "filepath", Value: "/"}}},
-		{"/src/some/file.png", false, "/src/*filepath", Params{Param{Key: "filepath", Value: "/some/file.png"}}},
-		{"/search/", false, "/search/", nil},
-		{"/search/someth!ng+in+ünìcodé", false, "/search/:query", Params{Param{Key: "query", Value: "someth!ng+in+ünìcodé"}}},
-		{"/search/someth!ng+in+ünìcodé/", true, "", Params{Param{Key: "query", Value: "someth!ng+in+ünìcodé"}}},
-		{"/search/gin", false, "/search/:query", Params{Param{"query", "gin"}}},
-		{"/search/gin-gonic", false, "/search/gin-gonic", nil},
-		{"/search/google", false, "/search/google", nil},
-		{"/user_gopher", false, "/user_:name", Params{Param{Key: "name", Value: "gopher"}}},
-		{"/user_gopher/about", false, "/user_:name/about", Params{Param{Key: "name", Value: "gopher"}}},
-		{"/files/js/inc/framework.js", false, "/files/:dir/*filepath", Params{Param{Key: "dir", Value: "js"}, Param{Key: "filepath", Value: "/inc/framework.js"}}},
-		{"/info/gordon/public", false, "/info/:user/public", Params{Param{Key: "user", Value: "gordon"}}},
-		{"/info/gordon/project/go", false, "/info/:user/project/:project", Params{Param{Key: "user", Value: "gordon"}, Param{Key: "project", Value: "go"}}},
-		{"/info/gordon/project/golang", false, "/info/:user/project/golang", Params{Param{Key: "user", Value: "gordon"}}},
-		{"/aa/aa", false, "/aa/*xx", Params{Param{Key: "xx", Value: "/aa"}}},
-		{"/ab/ab", false, "/ab/*xx", Params{Param{Key: "xx", Value: "/ab"}}},
-		{"/a", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "a"}}},
-		// * Error with argument being intercepted
-		// new PR handle (/all /all/cc /a/cc)
-		// fix PR: https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2796
-		{"/all", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "all"}}},
-		{"/d", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "d"}}},
-		{"/ad", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "ad"}}},
-		{"/dd", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "dd"}}},
-		{"/dddaa", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "dddaa"}}},
-		{"/aa", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "aa"}}},
-		{"/aaa", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "aaa"}}},
-		{"/aaa/cc", false, "/:cc/cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "aaa"}}},
-		{"/ab", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "ab"}}},
-		{"/abb", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "abb"}}},
-		{"/abb/cc", false, "/:cc/cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "abb"}}},
-		{"/allxxxx", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "allxxxx"}}},
-		{"/alldd", false, "/:cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "alldd"}}},
-		{"/all/cc", false, "/:cc/cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "all"}}},
-		{"/a/cc", false, "/:cc/cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "a"}}},
-		{"/c1/d/e", false, "/c1/:dd/e", Params{Param{Key: "dd", Value: "d"}}},
-		{"/c1/d/e1", false, "/c1/:dd/e1", Params{Param{Key: "dd", Value: "d"}}},
-		{"/c1/d/ee", false, "/:cc/:dd/ee", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "c1"}, Param{Key: "dd", Value: "d"}}},
-		{"/cc/cc", false, "/:cc/cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "cc"}}},
-		{"/ccc/cc", false, "/:cc/cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "ccc"}}},
-		{"/deedwjfs/cc", false, "/:cc/cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "deedwjfs"}}},
-		{"/acllcc/cc", false, "/:cc/cc", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "acllcc"}}},
-		{"/get/test/abc/", false, "/get/test/abc/", nil},
-		{"/get/te/abc/", false, "/get/:param/abc/", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "te"}}},
-		{"/get/testaa/abc/", false, "/get/:param/abc/", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "testaa"}}},
-		{"/get/xx/abc/", false, "/get/:param/abc/", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "xx"}}},
-		{"/get/tt/abc/", false, "/get/:param/abc/", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "tt"}}},
-		{"/get/a/abc/", false, "/get/:param/abc/", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "a"}}},
-		{"/get/t/abc/", false, "/get/:param/abc/", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "t"}}},
-		{"/get/aa/abc/", false, "/get/:param/abc/", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "aa"}}},
-		{"/get/abas/abc/", false, "/get/:param/abc/", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "abas"}}},
-		{"/something/secondthing/test", false, "/something/secondthing/test", nil},
-		{"/something/abcdad/thirdthing", false, "/something/:paramname/thirdthing", Params{Param{Key: "paramname", Value: "abcdad"}}},
-		{"/something/secondthingaaaa/thirdthing", false, "/something/:paramname/thirdthing", Params{Param{Key: "paramname", Value: "secondthingaaaa"}}},
-		{"/something/se/thirdthing", false, "/something/:paramname/thirdthing", Params{Param{Key: "paramname", Value: "se"}}},
-		{"/something/s/thirdthing", false, "/something/:paramname/thirdthing", Params{Param{Key: "paramname", Value: "s"}}},
-		{"/c/d/ee", false, "/:cc/:dd/ee", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "c"}, Param{Key: "dd", Value: "d"}}},
-		{"/c/d/e/ff", false, "/:cc/:dd/:ee/ff", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "c"}, Param{Key: "dd", Value: "d"}, Param{Key: "ee", Value: "e"}}},
-		{"/c/d/e/f/gg", false, "/:cc/:dd/:ee/:ff/gg", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "c"}, Param{Key: "dd", Value: "d"}, Param{Key: "ee", Value: "e"}, Param{Key: "ff", Value: "f"}}},
-		{"/c/d/e/f/g/hh", false, "/:cc/:dd/:ee/:ff/:gg/hh", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "c"}, Param{Key: "dd", Value: "d"}, Param{Key: "ee", Value: "e"}, Param{Key: "ff", Value: "f"}, Param{Key: "gg", Value: "g"}}},
-		{"/cc/dd/ee/ff/gg/hh", false, "/:cc/:dd/:ee/:ff/:gg/hh", Params{Param{Key: "cc", Value: "cc"}, Param{Key: "dd", Value: "dd"}, Param{Key: "ee", Value: "ee"}, Param{Key: "ff", Value: "ff"}, Param{Key: "gg", Value: "gg"}}},
-		{"/get/abc", false, "/get/abc", nil},
-		{"/get/a", false, "/get/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "a"}}},
-		{"/get/abz", false, "/get/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "abz"}}},
-		{"/get/12a", false, "/get/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "12a"}}},
-		{"/get/abcd", false, "/get/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "abcd"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc", false, "/get/abc/123abc", nil},
-		{"/get/abc/12", false, "/get/abc/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "12"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123ab", false, "/get/abc/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "123ab"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/xyz", false, "/get/abc/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "xyz"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abcddxx", false, "/get/abc/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "123abcddxx"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8", nil},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/x", false, "/get/abc/123abc/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "x"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx", false, "/get/abc/123abc/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "xxx"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/abc", false, "/get/abc/123abc/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "abc"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8xxas", false, "/get/abc/123abc/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "xxx8xxas"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234", nil},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "1"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/123", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "123"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/78k", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "78k"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234xxxd", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "1234xxxd"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/ffas", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/ffas", nil},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/f", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "f"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/ffa", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "ffa"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kka", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "kka"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/ffas321", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "ffas321"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/12c", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/12c", nil},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/1", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "1"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/12", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "12"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/12b", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "12b"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/34", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "34"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/12c2e3", false, "/get/abc/123abc/xxx8/1234/kkdd/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "12c2e3"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/12/test", false, "/get/abc/:param/test", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "12"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abdd/test", false, "/get/abc/:param/test", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "123abdd"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abdddf/test", false, "/get/abc/:param/test", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "123abdddf"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123ab/test", false, "/get/abc/:param/test", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "123ab"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abgg/test", false, "/get/abc/:param/test", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "123abgg"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abff/test", false, "/get/abc/:param/test", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "123abff"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abffff/test", false, "/get/abc/:param/test", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "123abffff"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abd/test", false, "/get/abc/123abd/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "test"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abddd/test", false, "/get/abc/123abddd/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "test"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123/test22", false, "/get/abc/123/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "test22"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abg/test", false, "/get/abc/123abg/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "test"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abf/testss", false, "/get/abc/123abf/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "testss"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/123abfff/te", false, "/get/abc/123abfff/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "te"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/escaped_colon/test\\:param", false, "/get/abc/escaped_colon/test\\:param", nil},
-	})
-
-	checkPriorities(t, tree)
-}
-
-func TestUnescapeParameters(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-
-	routes := [...]string{
-		"/",
-		"/cmd/:tool/:sub",
-		"/cmd/:tool/",
-		"/src/*filepath",
-		"/search/:query",
-		"/files/:dir/*filepath",
-		"/info/:user/project/:project",
-		"/info/:user",
-	}
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-	}
-
-	unescape := true
-	checkRequests(t, tree, testRequests{
-		{"/", false, "/", nil},
-		{"/cmd/test/", false, "/cmd/:tool/", Params{Param{Key: "tool", Value: "test"}}},
-		{"/cmd/test", true, "", Params{Param{Key: "tool", Value: "test"}}},
-		{"/src/some/file.png", false, "/src/*filepath", Params{Param{Key: "filepath", Value: "/some/file.png"}}},
-		{"/src/some/file+test.png", false, "/src/*filepath", Params{Param{Key: "filepath", Value: "/some/file test.png"}}},
-		{"/src/some/file++++%%%%test.png", false, "/src/*filepath", Params{Param{Key: "filepath", Value: "/some/file++++%%%%test.png"}}},
-		{"/src/some/file%2Ftest.png", false, "/src/*filepath", Params{Param{Key: "filepath", Value: "/some/file/test.png"}}},
-		{"/search/someth!ng+in+ünìcodé", false, "/search/:query", Params{Param{Key: "query", Value: "someth!ng in ünìcodé"}}},
-		{"/info/gordon/project/go", false, "/info/:user/project/:project", Params{Param{Key: "user", Value: "gordon"}, Param{Key: "project", Value: "go"}}},
-		{"/info/slash%2Fgordon", false, "/info/:user", Params{Param{Key: "user", Value: "slash/gordon"}}},
-		{"/info/slash%2Fgordon/project/Project%20%231", false, "/info/:user/project/:project", Params{Param{Key: "user", Value: "slash/gordon"}, Param{Key: "project", Value: "Project #1"}}},
-		{"/info/slash%%%%", false, "/info/:user", Params{Param{Key: "user", Value: "slash%%%%"}}},
-		{"/info/slash%%%%2Fgordon/project/Project%%%%20%231", false, "/info/:user/project/:project", Params{Param{Key: "user", Value: "slash%%%%2Fgordon"}, Param{Key: "project", Value: "Project%%%%20%231"}}},
-	}, unescape)
-
-	checkPriorities(t, tree)
-}
-
-func catchPanic(testFunc func()) (recv any) {
-	defer func() {
-		recv = recover()
-	}()
-
-	testFunc()
-	return
-}
-
-type testRoute struct {
-	path     string
-	conflict bool
-}
-
-func testRoutes(t *testing.T, routes []testRoute) {
-	tree := &node{}
-
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route.path, nil)
-		})
-
-		if route.conflict {
-			if recv == nil {
-				t.Errorf("no panic for conflicting route '%s'", route.path)
-			}
-		} else if recv != nil {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected panic for route '%s': %v", route.path, recv)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTreeWildcardConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	routes := []testRoute{
-		{"/cmd/:tool/:sub", false},
-		{"/cmd/vet", false},
-		{"/foo/bar", false},
-		{"/foo/:name", false},
-		{"/foo/:names", true},
-		{"/cmd/*path", true},
-		{"/cmd/:badvar", true},
-		{"/cmd/:tool/names", false},
-		{"/cmd/:tool/:badsub/details", true},
-		{"/src/*filepath", false},
-		{"/src/:file", true},
-		{"/src/static.json", true},
-		{"/src/*filepathx", true},
-		{"/src/", true},
-		{"/src/foo/bar", true},
-		{"/src1/", false},
-		{"/src1/*filepath", true},
-		{"/src2*filepath", true},
-		{"/src2/*filepath", false},
-		{"/search/:query", false},
-		{"/search/valid", false},
-		{"/user_:name", false},
-		{"/user_x", false},
-		{"/user_:name", false},
-		{"/id:id", false},
-		{"/id/:id", false},
-		{"/static/*file", false},
-		{"/static/", true},
-		{"/escape/test\\:d1", false},
-		{"/escape/test\\:d2", false},
-		{"/escape/test:param", false},
-	}
-	testRoutes(t, routes)
-}
-
-func TestCatchAllAfterSlash(t *testing.T) {
-	routes := []testRoute{
-		{"/non-leading-*catchall", true},
-	}
-	testRoutes(t, routes)
-}
-
-func TestTreeChildConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	routes := []testRoute{
-		{"/cmd/vet", false},
-		{"/cmd/:tool", false},
-		{"/cmd/:tool/:sub", false},
-		{"/cmd/:tool/misc", false},
-		{"/cmd/:tool/:othersub", true},
-		{"/src/AUTHORS", false},
-		{"/src/*filepath", true},
-		{"/user_x", false},
-		{"/user_:name", false},
-		{"/id/:id", false},
-		{"/id:id", false},
-		{"/:id", false},
-		{"/*filepath", true},
-	}
-	testRoutes(t, routes)
-}
-
-func TestTreeDuplicatePath(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-
-	routes := [...]string{
-		"/",
-		"/doc/",
-		"/src/*filepath",
-		"/search/:query",
-		"/user_:name",
-	}
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-		})
-		if recv != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("panic inserting route '%s': %v", route, recv)
-		}
-
-		// Add again
-		recv = catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, nil)
-		})
-		if recv == nil {
-			t.Fatalf("no panic while inserting duplicate route '%s", route)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// printChildren(tree, "")
-
-	checkRequests(t, tree, testRequests{
-		{"/", false, "/", nil},
-		{"/doc/", false, "/doc/", nil},
-		{"/src/some/file.png", false, "/src/*filepath", Params{Param{"filepath", "/some/file.png"}}},
-		{"/search/someth!ng+in+ünìcodé", false, "/search/:query", Params{Param{"query", "someth!ng+in+ünìcodé"}}},
-		{"/user_gopher", false, "/user_:name", Params{Param{"name", "gopher"}}},
-	})
-}
-
-func TestEmptyWildcardName(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-
-	routes := [...]string{
-		"/user:",
-		"/user:/",
-		"/cmd/:/",
-		"/src/*",
-	}
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, nil)
-		})
-		if recv == nil {
-			t.Fatalf("no panic while inserting route with empty wildcard name '%s", route)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTreeCatchAllConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	routes := []testRoute{
-		{"/src/*filepath/x", true},
-		{"/src2/", false},
-		{"/src2/*filepath/x", true},
-		{"/src3/*filepath", false},
-		{"/src3/*filepath/x", true},
-	}
-	testRoutes(t, routes)
-}
-
-func TestTreeCatchAllConflictRoot(t *testing.T) {
-	routes := []testRoute{
-		{"/", false},
-		{"/*filepath", true},
-	}
-	testRoutes(t, routes)
-}
-
-func TestTreeCatchMaxParams(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-	route := "/cmd/*filepath"
-	tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-}
-
-func TestTreeDoubleWildcard(t *testing.T) {
-	const panicMsg = "only one wildcard per path segment is allowed"
-
-	routes := [...]string{
-		"/:foo:bar",
-		"/:foo:bar/",
-		"/:foo*bar",
-	}
-
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		tree := &node{}
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, nil)
-		})
-
-		if rs, ok := recv.(string); !ok || !strings.HasPrefix(rs, panicMsg) {
-			t.Fatalf(`"Expected panic "%s" for route '%s', got "%v"`, panicMsg, route, recv)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/*func TestTreeDuplicateWildcard(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-	routes := [...]string{
-		"/:id/:name/:id",
-	}
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		...
-	}
-}*/
-
-func TestTreeTrailingSlashRedirect(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-
-	routes := [...]string{
-		"/hi",
-		"/b/",
-		"/search/:query",
-		"/cmd/:tool/",
-		"/src/*filepath",
-		"/x",
-		"/x/y",
-		"/y/",
-		"/y/z",
-		"/0/:id",
-		"/0/:id/1",
-		"/1/:id/",
-		"/1/:id/2",
-		"/aa",
-		"/a/",
-		"/admin",
-		"/admin/:category",
-		"/admin/:category/:page",
-		"/doc",
-		"/doc/go_faq.html",
-		"/doc/go1.html",
-		"/no/a",
-		"/no/b",
-		"/api/:page/:name",
-		"/api/hello/:name/bar/",
-		"/api/bar/:name",
-		"/api/baz/foo",
-		"/api/baz/foo/bar",
-		"/blog/:p",
-		"/posts/:b/:c",
-		"/posts/b/:c/d/",
-		"/vendor/:x/*y",
-	}
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-		})
-		if recv != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("panic inserting route '%s': %v", route, recv)
-		}
-	}
-
-	tsrRoutes := [...]string{
-		"/hi/",
-		"/b",
-		"/search/gopher/",
-		"/cmd/vet",
-		"/src",
-		"/x/",
-		"/y",
-		"/0/go/",
-		"/1/go",
-		"/a",
-		"/admin/",
-		"/admin/config/",
-		"/admin/config/permissions/",
-		"/doc/",
-		"/admin/static/",
-		"/admin/cfg/",
-		"/admin/cfg/users/",
-		"/api/hello/x/bar",
-		"/api/baz/foo/",
-		"/api/baz/bax/",
-		"/api/bar/huh/",
-		"/api/baz/foo/bar/",
-		"/api/world/abc/",
-		"/blog/pp/",
-		"/posts/b/c/d",
-		"/vendor/x",
-	}
-
-	for _, route := range tsrRoutes {
-		value := tree.getValue(route, nil, getSkippedNodes(), false)
-		if value.handlers != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("non-nil handler for TSR route '%s", route)
-		} else if !value.tsr {
-			t.Errorf("expected TSR recommendation for route '%s'", route)
-		}
-	}
-
-	noTsrRoutes := [...]string{
-		"/",
-		"/no",
-		"/no/",
-		"/_",
-		"/_/",
-		"/api",
-		"/api/",
-		"/api/hello/x/foo",
-		"/api/baz/foo/bad",
-		"/foo/p/p",
-	}
-	for _, route := range noTsrRoutes {
-		value := tree.getValue(route, nil, getSkippedNodes(), false)
-		if value.handlers != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("non-nil handler for No-TSR route '%s", route)
-		} else if value.tsr {
-			t.Errorf("expected no TSR recommendation for route '%s'", route)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTreeRootTrailingSlashRedirect(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-
-	recv := catchPanic(func() {
-		tree.addRoute("/:test", fakeHandler("/:test"))
-	})
-	if recv != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("panic inserting test route: %v", recv)
-	}
-
-	value := tree.getValue("/", nil, getSkippedNodes(), false)
-	if value.handlers != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("non-nil handler")
-	} else if value.tsr {
-		t.Errorf("expected no TSR recommendation")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestRedirectTrailingSlash(t *testing.T) {
-	data := []struct {
-		path string
-	}{
-		{"/hello/:name"},
-		{"/hello/:name/123"},
-		{"/hello/:name/234"},
-	}
-
-	node := &node{}
-	for _, item := range data {
-		node.addRoute(item.path, fakeHandler("test"))
-	}
-
-	value := node.getValue("/hello/abx/", nil, getSkippedNodes(), false)
-	if value.tsr != true {
-		t.Fatalf("want true, is false")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTreeFindCaseInsensitivePath(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-
-	longPath := "/l" + strings.Repeat("o", 128) + "ng"
-	lOngPath := "/l" + strings.Repeat("O", 128) + "ng/"
-
-	routes := [...]string{
-		"/hi",
-		"/b/",
-		"/ABC/",
-		"/search/:query",
-		"/cmd/:tool/",
-		"/src/*filepath",
-		"/x",
-		"/x/y",
-		"/y/",
-		"/y/z",
-		"/0/:id",
-		"/0/:id/1",
-		"/1/:id/",
-		"/1/:id/2",
-		"/aa",
-		"/a/",
-		"/doc",
-		"/doc/go_faq.html",
-		"/doc/go1.html",
-		"/doc/go/away",
-		"/no/a",
-		"/no/b",
-		"/Π",
-		"/u/apfêl/",
-		"/u/äpfêl/",
-		"/u/öpfêl",
-		"/v/Äpfêl/",
-		"/v/Öpfêl",
-		"/w/♬",  // 3 byte
-		"/w/♭/", // 3 byte, last byte differs
-		"/w/𠜎",  // 4 byte
-		"/w/𠜏/", // 4 byte
-		longPath,
-	}
-
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-		})
-		if recv != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("panic inserting route '%s': %v", route, recv)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Check out == in for all registered routes
-	// With fixTrailingSlash = true
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		out, found := tree.findCaseInsensitivePath(route, true)
-		if !found {
-			t.Errorf("Route '%s' not found!", route)
-		} else if string(out) != route {
-			t.Errorf("Wrong result for route '%s': %s", route, string(out))
-		}
-	}
-	// With fixTrailingSlash = false
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		out, found := tree.findCaseInsensitivePath(route, false)
-		if !found {
-			t.Errorf("Route '%s' not found!", route)
-		} else if string(out) != route {
-			t.Errorf("Wrong result for route '%s': %s", route, string(out))
-		}
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		in    string
-		out   string
-		found bool
-		slash bool
-	}{
-		{"/HI", "/hi", true, false},
-		{"/HI/", "/hi", true, true},
-		{"/B", "/b/", true, true},
-		{"/B/", "/b/", true, false},
-		{"/abc", "/ABC/", true, true},
-		{"/abc/", "/ABC/", true, false},
-		{"/aBc", "/ABC/", true, true},
-		{"/aBc/", "/ABC/", true, false},
-		{"/abC", "/ABC/", true, true},
-		{"/abC/", "/ABC/", true, false},
-		{"/SEARCH/QUERY", "/search/QUERY", true, false},
-		{"/SEARCH/QUERY/", "/search/QUERY", true, true},
-		{"/CMD/TOOL/", "/cmd/TOOL/", true, false},
-		{"/CMD/TOOL", "/cmd/TOOL/", true, true},
-		{"/SRC/FILE/PATH", "/src/FILE/PATH", true, false},
-		{"/x/Y", "/x/y", true, false},
-		{"/x/Y/", "/x/y", true, true},
-		{"/X/y", "/x/y", true, false},
-		{"/X/y/", "/x/y", true, true},
-		{"/X/Y", "/x/y", true, false},
-		{"/X/Y/", "/x/y", true, true},
-		{"/Y/", "/y/", true, false},
-		{"/Y", "/y/", true, true},
-		{"/Y/z", "/y/z", true, false},
-		{"/Y/z/", "/y/z", true, true},
-		{"/Y/Z", "/y/z", true, false},
-		{"/Y/Z/", "/y/z", true, true},
-		{"/y/Z", "/y/z", true, false},
-		{"/y/Z/", "/y/z", true, true},
-		{"/Aa", "/aa", true, false},
-		{"/Aa/", "/aa", true, true},
-		{"/AA", "/aa", true, false},
-		{"/AA/", "/aa", true, true},
-		{"/aA", "/aa", true, false},
-		{"/aA/", "/aa", true, true},
-		{"/A/", "/a/", true, false},
-		{"/A", "/a/", true, true},
-		{"/DOC", "/doc", true, false},
-		{"/DOC/", "/doc", true, true},
-		{"/NO", "", false, true},
-		{"/DOC/GO", "", false, true},
-		{"/π", "/Π", true, false},
-		{"/π/", "/Π", true, true},
-		{"/u/ÄPFÊL/", "/u/äpfêl/", true, false},
-		{"/u/ÄPFÊL", "/u/äpfêl/", true, true},
-		{"/u/ÖPFÊL/", "/u/öpfêl", true, true},
-		{"/u/ÖPFÊL", "/u/öpfêl", true, false},
-		{"/v/äpfêL/", "/v/Äpfêl/", true, false},
-		{"/v/äpfêL", "/v/Äpfêl/", true, true},
-		{"/v/öpfêL/", "/v/Öpfêl", true, true},
-		{"/v/öpfêL", "/v/Öpfêl", true, false},
-		{"/w/♬/", "/w/♬", true, true},
-		{"/w/♭", "/w/♭/", true, true},
-		{"/w/𠜎/", "/w/𠜎", true, true},
-		{"/w/𠜏", "/w/𠜏/", true, true},
-		{lOngPath, longPath, true, true},
-	}
-	// With fixTrailingSlash = true
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		out, found := tree.findCaseInsensitivePath(test.in, true)
-		if found != test.found || (found && (string(out) != test.out)) {
-			t.Errorf("Wrong result for '%s': got %s, %t; want %s, %t",
-				test.in, string(out), found, test.out, test.found)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	// With fixTrailingSlash = false
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		out, found := tree.findCaseInsensitivePath(test.in, false)
-		if test.slash {
-			if found { // test needs a trailingSlash fix. It must not be found!
-				t.Errorf("Found without fixTrailingSlash: %s; got %s", test.in, string(out))
-			}
-		} else {
-			if found != test.found || (found && (string(out) != test.out)) {
-				t.Errorf("Wrong result for '%s': got %s, %t; want %s, %t",
-					test.in, string(out), found, test.out, test.found)
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTreeInvalidNodeType(t *testing.T) {
-	const panicMsg = "invalid node type"
-
-	tree := &node{}
-	tree.addRoute("/", fakeHandler("/"))
-	tree.addRoute("/:page", fakeHandler("/:page"))
-
-	// set invalid node type
-	tree.children[0].nType = 42
-
-	// normal lookup
-	recv := catchPanic(func() {
-		tree.getValue("/test", nil, getSkippedNodes(), false)
-	})
-	if rs, ok := recv.(string); !ok || rs != panicMsg {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected panic '"+panicMsg+"', got '%v'", recv)
-	}
-
-	// case-insensitive lookup
-	recv = catchPanic(func() {
-		tree.findCaseInsensitivePath("/test", true)
-	})
-	if rs, ok := recv.(string); !ok || rs != panicMsg {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected panic '"+panicMsg+"', got '%v'", recv)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTreeInvalidParamsType(t *testing.T) {
-	tree := &node{}
-	// add a child with wildcard
-	route := "/:path"
-	tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-
-	// set invalid Params type
-	params := make(Params, 0)
-
-	// try to trigger slice bounds out of range with capacity 0
-	tree.getValue("/test", &params, getSkippedNodes(), false)
-}
-
-func TestTreeExpandParamsCapacity(t *testing.T) {
-	data := []struct {
-		path string
-	}{
-		{"/:path"},
-		{"/*path"},
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range data {
-		tree := &node{}
-		tree.addRoute(item.path, fakeHandler(item.path))
-		params := make(Params, 0)
-
-		value := tree.getValue("/test", &params, getSkippedNodes(), false)
-
-		if value.params == nil {
-			t.Errorf("Expected %s params to be set, but they weren't", item.path)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if len(*value.params) != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("Wrong number of %s params: got %d, want %d",
-				item.path, len(*value.params), 1)
-			continue
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTreeWildcardConflictEx(t *testing.T) {
-	conflicts := [...]struct {
-		route        string
-		segPath      string
-		existPath    string
-		existSegPath string
-	}{
-		{"/who/are/foo", "/foo", `/who/are/\*you`, `/\*you`},
-		{"/who/are/foo/", "/foo/", `/who/are/\*you`, `/\*you`},
-		{"/who/are/foo/bar", "/foo/bar", `/who/are/\*you`, `/\*you`},
-		{"/con:nection", ":nection", `/con:tact`, `:tact`},
-	}
-
-	for _, conflict := range conflicts {
-		// I have to re-create a 'tree', because the 'tree' will be
-		// in an inconsistent state when the loop recovers from the
-		// panic which threw by 'addRoute' function.
-		tree := &node{}
-		routes := [...]string{
-			"/con:tact",
-			"/who/are/*you",
-			"/who/foo/hello",
-		}
-
-		for _, route := range routes {
-			tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-		}
-
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(conflict.route, fakeHandler(conflict.route))
-		})
-
-		if !regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("'%s' in new path .* conflicts with existing wildcard '%s' in existing prefix '%s'", conflict.segPath, conflict.existSegPath, conflict.existPath)).MatchString(fmt.Sprint(recv)) {
-			t.Fatalf("invalid wildcard conflict error (%v)", recv)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTreeInvalidEscape(t *testing.T) {
-	routes := map[string]bool{
-		"/r1/r":    true,
-		"/r2/:r":   true,
-		"/r3/\\:r": true,
-	}
-	tree := &node{}
-	for route, valid := range routes {
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-		})
-		if recv == nil != valid {
-			t.Fatalf("%s should be %t but got %v", route, valid, recv)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWildcardInvalidSlash(t *testing.T) {
-	const panicMsgPrefix = "no / before catch-all in path"
-
-	routes := map[string]bool{
-		"/foo/bar":  true,
-		"/foo/x*zy": false,
-		"/foo/b*r":  false,
-	}
-
-	for route, valid := range routes {
-		tree := &node{}
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, nil)
-		})
-
-		if recv == nil != valid {
-			t.Fatalf("%s should be %t but got %v", route, valid, recv)
-		}
-
-		if rs, ok := recv.(string); recv != nil && (!ok || !strings.HasPrefix(rs, panicMsgPrefix)) {
-			t.Fatalf(`"Expected panic "%s" for route '%s', got "%v"`, panicMsgPrefix, route, recv)
-		}
-	}
-}