diff --git a/context.go b/context.go
index 8c52b1f..b6fbd46 100644
--- a/context.go
+++ b/context.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -65,10 +65,6 @@ type Context struct {
 
 	// 请求体Body大小限制
 	MaxRequestBodySize int64
-
-	// skippedNodes 用于记录跳过的节点信息，以便回溯
-	// 通常在处理嵌套路由时使用
-	SkippedNodes []skippedNode
 }
 
 // --- Context 相关方法实现 ---
@@ -84,13 +80,7 @@ func (c *Context) reset(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	c.Request = req
-	//c.Params = c.Params[:0] // 清空 Params 切片，而不是重新分配，以复用底层数组
-	//避免params长度为0
-	if cap(c.Params) > 0 {
-		c.Params = c.Params[:0]
-	} else {
-		c.Params = make(Params, 0, c.engine.maxParams)
-	}
+	c.Params = c.Params[:0] // 清空 Params 切片，而不是重新分配，以复用底层数组
 	c.handlers = nil
 	c.index = -1                          // 初始为 -1，`Next()` 将其设置为 0
 	c.Keys = make(map[string]any)         // 每次请求重新创建 map，避免数据污染
@@ -100,12 +90,6 @@ func (c *Context) reset(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	c.ctx = req.Context()                 // 使用请求的上下文，继承其取消信号和值
 	c.sameSite = http.SameSiteDefaultMode // 默认 SameSite 模式
 	c.MaxRequestBodySize = c.engine.GlobalMaxRequestBodySize
-
-	if cap(c.SkippedNodes) > 0 {
-		c.SkippedNodes = c.SkippedNodes[:0]
-	} else {
-		c.SkippedNodes = make([]skippedNode, 0, 256)
-	}
 }
 
 // Next 在处理链中执行下一个处理函数
@@ -296,113 +280,6 @@ func (c *Context) Text(code int, text string) {
 	c.Writer.Write([]byte(text))
 }
 
-// FileText
-func (c *Context) FileText(code int, filePath string) {
-	// 清理path
-	cleanPath := filepath.Clean(filePath)
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(cleanPath) {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("relative path not allowed: %s", cleanPath))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Errorf("relative path not allowed"))
-		return
-	}
-	// 检查文件是否存在
-	if _, err := os.Stat(cleanPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("file not found: %s", cleanPath))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusNotFound, fmt.Errorf("file not found"))
-		return
-	}
-
-	// 打开文件
-	file, err := os.Open(cleanPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to open file %s: %w", cleanPath, err))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Errorf("failed to open file: %w", err))
-		return
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
-	// 获取文件信息以获取文件大小
-	fileInfo, err := file.Stat()
-	if err != nil {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to get file info for %s: %w", cleanPath, err))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Errorf("failed to get file info: %w", err))
-		return
-	}
-	// 判断是否是dir
-	if fileInfo.IsDir() {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("path is a directory, not a file: %s", cleanPath))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Errorf("path is a directory"))
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
-
-	c.SetBodyStream(file, int(fileInfo.Size()))
-}
-
-/*
-// not fot work
-// FileTextSafeDir
-func (c *Context) FileTextSafeDir(code int, filePath string, safeDir string) {
-
-	// 清理path
-	cleanPath := path.Clean(filePath)
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(cleanPath) {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("relative path not allowed: %s", cleanPath))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Errorf("relative path not allowed"))
-		return
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(cleanPath, "..") {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("path traversal attempt detected: %s", cleanPath))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Errorf("path traversal attempt detected"))
-		return
-	}
-
-	// 判断filePath是否包含在safeDir内, 防止路径穿越
-	relPath, err := filepath.Rel(safeDir, cleanPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to get relative path: %w", err))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Errorf("failed to get relative path: %w", err))
-		return
-	}
-	cleanPath = filepath.Join(safeDir, relPath)
-
-	// 检查文件是否存在
-	if _, err := os.Stat(cleanPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("file not found: %s", cleanPath))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusNotFound, fmt.Errorf("file not found"))
-		return
-	}
-
-	// 打开文件
-	file, err := os.Open(cleanPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to open file %s: %w", cleanPath, err))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Errorf("failed to open file: %w", err))
-		return
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
-	// 获取文件信息以获取文件大小
-	fileInfo, err := file.Stat()
-	if err != nil {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to get file info for %s: %w", cleanPath, err))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Errorf("failed to get file info: %w", err))
-		return
-	}
-	// 判断是否是dir
-	if fileInfo.IsDir() {
-		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("path is a directory, not a file: %s", cleanPath))
-		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Errorf("path is a directory"))
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
-
-	c.SetBodyStream(file, int(fileInfo.Size()))
-}
-*/
-
 // JSON 向响应写入 JSON 数据
 // 设置 Content-Type 为 application/json
 func (c *Context) JSON(code int, obj any) {
@@ -410,7 +287,6 @@ func (c *Context) JSON(code int, obj any) {
 	c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
 	if err := json.MarshalWrite(c.Writer, obj); err != nil {
 		c.AddError(fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal JSON: %w", err))
-		c.Errorf("failed to marshal JSON: %s", err)
 		c.ErrorUseHandle(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal JSON: %w", err))
 		return
 	}
@@ -879,7 +755,7 @@ func (c *Context) GetRequestURIPath() string {
 // 将文件内容作为响应body
 func (c *Context) SetRespBodyFile(code int, filePath string) {
 	// 清理path
-	cleanPath := filepath.Clean(filePath)
+	cleanPath := path.Clean(filePath)
 
 	// 打开文件
 	file, err := os.Open(cleanPath)
@@ -899,7 +775,7 @@ func (c *Context) SetRespBodyFile(code int, filePath string) {
 	}
 
 	// 尝试根据文件扩展名猜测 Content-Type
-	contentType := mime.TypeByExtension(filepath.Ext(cleanPath))
+	contentType := mime.TypeByExtension(path.Ext(cleanPath))
 	if contentType == "" {
 		// 如果无法猜测，则使用默认的二进制流类型
 		contentType = "application/octet-stream"
diff --git a/engine.go b/engine.go
index 0a95765..581258c 100644
--- a/engine.go
+++ b/engine.go
@@ -421,41 +421,6 @@ func getHandlerName(h HandlerFunc) string {
 
 }
 
-const MaxSkippedNodesCap = 256
-
-// TempSkippedNodesPool 存储 *[]skippedNode 以复用内存
-var TempSkippedNodesPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() any {
-		// 返回一个指向容量为 256 的新切片的指针
-		s := make([]skippedNode, 0, MaxSkippedNodesCap)
-		return &s
-	},
-}
-
-// GetTempSkippedNodes 从 Pool 中获取一个 *[]skippedNode 指针
-func GetTempSkippedNodes() *[]skippedNode {
-	// 直接返回 Pool 中存储的指针
-	return TempSkippedNodesPool.Get().(*[]skippedNode)
-}
-
-// PutTempSkippedNodes 将用完的 *[]skippedNode 指针放回 Pool
-func PutTempSkippedNodes(skippedNodes *[]skippedNode) {
-	if skippedNodes == nil || *skippedNodes == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	// 检查容量是否符合预期。如果容量不足，则丢弃，不放回 Pool。
-	if cap(*skippedNodes) < MaxSkippedNodesCap {
-		return // 丢弃该对象，让 Pool 在下次 Get 时通过 New 重新分配
-	}
-
-	// 长度重置为 0，保留容量，实现复用
-	*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:0]
-
-	// 将指针存回 Pool
-	TempSkippedNodesPool.Put(skippedNodes)
-}
-
 // 405中间件
 func MethodNotAllowed() HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *Context) {
@@ -467,10 +432,9 @@ func MethodNotAllowed() HandlerFunc {
 			// 如果是 OPTIONS 请求,尝试查找所有允许的方法
 			allowedMethods := []string{}
 			for _, treeIter := range engine.methodTrees {
+				var tempSkippedNodes []skippedNode
 				// 注意这里 treeIter.root 才是正确的,因为 treeIter 是 methodTree 类型
-				tempSkippedNodes := GetTempSkippedNodes()
-				value := treeIter.root.getValue(requestPath, nil, tempSkippedNodes, false)
-				PutTempSkippedNodes(tempSkippedNodes)
+				value := treeIter.root.getValue(requestPath, nil, &tempSkippedNodes, false)
 				if value.handlers != nil {
 					allowedMethods = append(allowedMethods, treeIter.method)
 				}
@@ -487,10 +451,9 @@ func MethodNotAllowed() HandlerFunc {
 			if treeIter.method == httpMethod { // 已经处理过当前方法,跳过
 				continue
 			}
+			var tempSkippedNodes []skippedNode // 用于临时查找,不影响主 Context
 			// 注意这里 treeIter.root 才是正确的,因为 treeIter 是 methodTree 类型
-			tempSkippedNodes := GetTempSkippedNodes()
-			value := treeIter.root.getValue(requestPath, nil, tempSkippedNodes, false) // 只查找是否存在,不需要参数
-			PutTempSkippedNodes(tempSkippedNodes)
+			value := treeIter.root.getValue(requestPath, nil, &tempSkippedNodes, false) // 只查找是否存在,不需要参数
 			if value.handlers != nil {
 				// 使用定义的ErrorHandle处理
 				engine.errorHandle.handler(c, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, errors.New("method not allowed"))
@@ -698,8 +661,9 @@ func (engine *Engine) handleRequest(c *Context) {
 		// 查找匹配的节点和处理函数
 		// 这里传递 &c.Params 而不是重新创建,以利用 Context 中预分配的容量
 		// skippedNodes 内部使用,因此无需从外部传入已分配的 slice
+		var skippedNodes []skippedNode // 用于回溯的跳过节点
 		// 直接在 rootNode 上调用 getValue 方法
-		value := rootNode.getValue(requestPath, &c.Params, &c.SkippedNodes, true) // unescape=true 对路径参数进行 URL 解码
+		value := rootNode.getValue(requestPath, &c.Params, &skippedNodes, true) // unescape=true 对路径参数进行 URL 解码
 
 		if value.handlers != nil {
 			//c.handlers = engine.combineHandlers(engine.globalHandlers, value.handlers) // 组合全局中间件和路由处理函数
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index f9d10a9..0b8d97b 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ go 1.25.1
 require (
 	github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/iox v0.0.2
 	github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/httpc v0.8.2
-	github.com/WJQSERVER/wanf v0.0.3
+	github.com/WJQSERVER/wanf v0.0.0-20250810023226-e51d9d0737ee
 	github.com/fenthope/reco v0.0.4
-	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20251027170946-4849db3c2f7e
+	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20250813233538-9b1f9ea2e11b
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.49.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.43.0 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index b75fec4..dcd4f26 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/iox v0.0.2 h1:AiIHXP21LpK7pFfqUlUstgQEWzjbe
 github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/go-utils/iox v0.0.2/go.mod h1:mCLqYU32bTmEE6dpj37MKKiZgz70Jh/xyK9vVbq6pok=
 github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/httpc v0.8.2 h1:PFPLodV0QAfGEP6915J57vIqoKu9cGuuiXG/7C9TNUk=
 github.com/WJQSERVER-STUDIO/httpc v0.8.2/go.mod h1:8WhHVRO+olDFBSvL5PC/bdMkb6U3vRdPJ4p4pnguV5Y=
-github.com/WJQSERVER/wanf v0.0.3 h1:OqhG7ETiR5Knqr0lmbb+iUMw9O7re2vEogjVf06QevM=
-github.com/WJQSERVER/wanf v0.0.3/go.mod h1:q2Pyg+G+s1acMWxrbI4CwS/Yk76/BzLREEdZ8iFwUNE=
+github.com/WJQSERVER/wanf v0.0.0-20250810023226-e51d9d0737ee h1:tJ31DNBn6UhWkk8fiikAQWqULODM+yBcGAEar1tzdZc=
+github.com/WJQSERVER/wanf v0.0.0-20250810023226-e51d9d0737ee/go.mod h1:q2Pyg+G+s1acMWxrbI4CwS/Yk76/BzLREEdZ8iFwUNE=
 github.com/fenthope/reco v0.0.4 h1:yo2g3aWwdoMpaZWZX4SdZOW7mCK82RQIU/YI8ZUQThM=
 github.com/fenthope/reco v0.0.4/go.mod h1:eMyS8HpdMVdJ/2WJt6Cvt8P1EH9Igzj5lSJrgc+0jeg=
-github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20251027170946-4849db3c2f7e h1:Lf/gRkoycfOBPa42vU2bbgPurFong6zXeFtPoxholzU=
-github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20251027170946-4849db3c2f7e/go.mod h1:uNVvRXArCGbZ508SxYYTC5v1JWoz2voff5pm25jU1Ok=
+github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20250813233538-9b1f9ea2e11b h1:6Q4zRHXS/YLOl9Ng1b1OOOBWMidAQZR3Gel0UKPC/KU=
+github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20250813233538-9b1f9ea2e11b/go.mod h1:TiCD2a1pcmjd7YnhGH0f/zKNcCD06B029pHhzV23c2M=
 github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 h1:GqA5TC/0021Y/b9FG4Oi9Mr3q7XYx6KllzawFIhcdPw=
 github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:6bBcMArwyJ5K/AmCkWv1jt77kVWyCJ6HpOuEn7z0Csc=
-golang.org/x/net v0.49.0 h1:eeHFmOGUTtaaPSGNmjBKpbng9MulQsJURQUAfUwY++o=
-golang.org/x/net v0.49.0/go.mod h1:/ysNB2EvaqvesRkuLAyjI1ycPZlQHM3q01F02UY/MV8=
+golang.org/x/net v0.43.0 h1:lat02VYK2j4aLzMzecihNvTlJNQUq316m2Mr9rnM6YE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.43.0/go.mod h1:vhO1fvI4dGsIjh73sWfUVjj3N7CA9WkKJNQm2svM6Jg=
diff --git a/tree.go b/tree.go
index 31246a5..09711a1 100644
--- a/tree.go
+++ b/tree.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package touka
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
@@ -26,6 +27,12 @@ func BytesToString(b []byte) string {
 	return unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(b), len(b))
 }
 
+var (
+	strColon = []byte(":") // 定义字节切片常量, 表示冒号, 用于路径参数识别
+	strStar  = []byte("*") // 定义字节切片常量, 表示星号, 用于捕获所有路径识别
+	strSlash = []byte("/") // 定义字节切片常量, 表示斜杠, 用于路径分隔符识别
+)
+
 // Param 是单个 URL 参数, 由键和值组成.
 type Param struct {
 	Key   string // 参数的键名
@@ -99,14 +106,17 @@ func (n *node) addChild(child *node) {
 
 // countParams 计算路径中参数(冒号)和捕获所有(星号)的数量.
 func countParams(path string) uint16 {
-	colons := strings.Count(path, ":")
-	stars := strings.Count(path, "*")
-	return uint16(colons + stars)
+	var n uint16
+	s := StringToBytes(path)              // 将路径字符串转换为字节切片
+	n += uint16(bytes.Count(s, strColon)) // 统计冒号的数量
+	n += uint16(bytes.Count(s, strStar))  // 统计星号的数量
+	return n
 }
 
 // countSections 计算路径中斜杠('/')的数量, 即路径段的数量.
 func countSections(path string) uint16 {
-	return uint16(strings.Count(path, "/"))
+	s := StringToBytes(path)                // 将路径字符串转换为字节切片
+	return uint16(bytes.Count(s, strSlash)) // 统计斜杠的数量
 }
 
 // nodeType 定义了节点的类型.
@@ -408,10 +418,10 @@ func (n *node) insertChild(path string, fullPath string, handlers HandlersChain)
 			fullPath:  fullPath, // 设置完整路径
 		}
 
-		n.addChild(child) // 添加子节点
-		n.indices = "/"   // 索引设置为 '/'
-		n = child         // 移动到新创建的 catchAll 节点
-		n.priority++      // 增加优先级
+		n.addChild(child)       // 添加子节点
+		n.indices = string('/') // 索引设置为 '/'
+		n = child               // 移动到新创建的 catchAll 节点
+		n.priority++            // 增加优先级
 
 		// 第二个节点: 包含变量的节点
 		child = &node{